Which equation represents the relationship between energy and frequency?

The equation that represents the relationship between energy and frequency is accurately given by E = hv. In this equation, E stands for energy, h is Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and v represents the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. This equation illustrates that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency; as the frequency increases, so does the energy.

This relationship is foundational in quantum mechanics and is integral to understanding the behavior of photons and other quantum particles. It’s important because it helps explain phenomena such as the photoelectric effect, where light of a certain frequency can eject electrons from a material—a clear indication that energy is linked to frequency in the behavior of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

The other provided equations relate energy to different physical concepts, such as mass and speed of light, but they do not specifically address the relationship between energy and frequency as the correct equation does. Thus, E = hv is the appropriate expression to represent this fundamental relationship in physics.