What is meant by the dual wave-particle nature of light?

The dual wave-particle nature of light refers to the concept that light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, depending on the circumstances of observation. This understanding emerged from experiments that showed that light can produce interference and diffraction patterns, behaviors characteristic of waves. However, other experiments, such as the photoelectric effect, demonstrated that light also behaves like a stream of particles, known as photons, each carrying quantized energy.

Thus, the correct interpretation is that light is not confined to behaving strictly as either a wave or a particle; instead, it can exhibit both characteristics in different situations. This duality is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics and is crucial for explaining various phenomena related to light and electromagnetic radiation.