What does the quantum mechanical model of an atom indicate about the paths of an atom's orbitals?

The quantum mechanical model of an atom fundamentally changes our understanding of electron behavior compared to earlier models. Unlike earlier atomic models, which suggested that electrons move in precise, defined paths or orbits around the nucleus, the quantum mechanical model introduces the concept of probability distributions.

In this model, electrons are described by wave functions, which provide information about the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain region of space around the nucleus at any given time. Rather than following fixed orbits, electrons exist in areas called orbitals, where each orbital corresponds to a different probability distribution. This means that instead of predicting exact locations, the quantum mechanical model allows us to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a particular space, leading to a fundamentally different understanding of atomic structure and behavior.

This probabilistic approach reflects the inherent uncertainties in electron positions and energies, as captured by principles such as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Therefore, option C, stating that the quantum mechanical model allows for the probability distribution of electrons, accurately reflects the key aspect of how electron locations are described in this framework.